Policing is rampant in colonies of the honeybee (Ratnieks and Visscher. 1989), the wasp Vesputa vutgaris (Foster and Ratnieks, 2001c), and the wasp Vespula ger- manica (Bonckaert et al., 2008), which are all multiply mated. (As mentioned above, worker policing has been found in all of the studied speci