is, how it applied the Rule 23 factors -- is reviewed for an abuse of discretion. See, e.g., EQT Prod. Co., 764 F.3d at 357; Ward, 595 F.3d at 179; Monroe v. City of Charlottesville, Va., 579 F.3d 380, 384 (4th Cir. 2009); Gregory v. Finova Capital Corp., 442 F.3d 188, 190 (4th Cir. 2006). But reciting the stand