rgical versus nonsurgical treatment. ten. &Chop. Rat. Res. 443.198-207 (2006). 7. Deyo. It A.. Ciol. M. A.. Chalon. D. C.. Loeser. ). D. & Bigos. S. J. Lumbar spinal fusion. A cohort study of complications. reoperations. and resource use in the Medicare population. Spine 18.1463-1470 (1993). 8. Singh.