ies • Response #2: Digital Millennium Copyright Act (1998) • Attack #3: Napster • Response #3: Litigation (Napster shut down 2001) • Attack #4: Grokster & others test the lines of legality • Response #4: MGM v. Grokster (Grokster shut down 2005) • Attack #5: Rise of BitTorrent • Response #5: Attack