robotic arm (Wessberg et al.. 2000; Serruya et al.. 2002: Taylor et al.. 2002: Hochberg et al.. 2006: Santhanam et at. 2006: Truccolo et al., 2008: Velliste et al.. 2008: Mulliken et al., 2008). Other intracranial studies have analyzed neural data at the mesoscale with coarser spatial resolution but wider spati