is believed to have diversified, with anecdotal evidence suggesting that foreign fighters from Chad, Mauritania, Niger, Somalia and Sudan may be in Boko Haram's ranks 57 In recent years, northern Nigeria has also seen the formation of splinter groups emerging from Boko Haram, the most prominent being a grou

military custody in the first six months of 2013 alone.° The ongoing violence and abuse by government forces may even be driving new recruits into Boko Haram's arms's' In the wake of an escalation of violence, Boko Haram and its followers are all the more driven by a desire for vengeance against politician

ing markets, schools, hospitals, clinics, banks, churches, mosques, police stations and military installations. And while the scope and intensity of Boko Haram's terror campaign is breathtaking, the movement is not without its antecedents. The previously discussed Sokoto Caliphate was an armed movement again

intelligence sources said Thursday." After a series of clashes, "Shekau and some of his fighters were surrounded on Wednesday by ISWAP jihadists in Boko Haram's Sambisa forest stronghold, where they demanded he surrender, one intelligence source said." According to one source, Shekau "shot himself in the ch