tion or request, or who lend aid or encouragement to the wrongdoer ... are equally liable with him.' Pitt- man, 149 F.3d at 122 (quoting Bidder v. Eli Lilly & Co, 55 N.Y2d 571, 580, 450 N.Y.S2d 776, 436 N.E.2d 182 (1982)). To be liable under either conspiracy or aiding and abetting, however, the defendant