v. City of Ithaca, No. 10 Civ. 597 (TJM), 2013 WL 12310711 (N.D.N.Y. May 8, 2013) 6 Nixon v. Warner Commc 'us, Inc., 435 U.S. 589 (1978) 4, 5, 6 Scott v. Graham, No. 16 Civ. 2372 (KPF) (JLC), 2016 WL 6804999 (S.D.N Y. Nov. 17, 2016) 8 United States v. Amodeo, 71 F.3d 1044 (2d Cir. 1995) 5, 6 United State