. E. et al. Genome evolution and adaptation in a long-term experiment with escherichia coli. Nature 461. 1243-1247 (2009). 44. D.J. L. Vonelen. D., Korolev, K. S. & Gore, p. Generk indicators for loss of resilience before a tipping point leading to population collapse. Science 336• 1175-1177 (2012). 45