ions for efficiency and equity. The problem is exacerbated by the lack of transparency in the global financial services, especially in safe havens (Shaxson, 2011). Third, there is a concern that there is no level playing field in the globalization process, and that the least developed countries (LDCs)

me they face severe haemorrhage through capital flight and other forms of illicit financial flows (AfDB and GFI, 2013; Ndikumana and Boyce, 2011a; Shaxson, 2011). From a global perspective, taxation policy can also play an important role in advancing global initiatives. EFTA00317175 CDP BACKGROUND