g edge scientific intellectuals: H. Ross Ashby, Gregory Bateson, Julian H. Bigelow, Warren McCulloch, Margaret Mead, F.S.C. Northrop, Walter Pitts, Arturo Rosenthbleuth, John Von Neumann, Claude Shannon, Heinz Von Foerster, W. Grey Walter, Norbert Wiener, and J.Z. Young. McCulloch, as Chairman, presided over the se