) 17, 18 United States v. Salameh, 152 F.3d 88 (2d Cir. 1998) 14, 16 United States v. Torres, 719 F.2d 549 (2d Cir. 1983) 25 United States v. Van Thournout, 100 F.3d 590 (8th Cir. 1996) 15 White v. Helling, 194 F.3d 937 (8th Cir. 1999) 25 Statutes 18 U.S.C. § 371 21 18 U.S.C. § 1591 18 U.S.C. §