1 ti --on-depende le , t 4° 16 fern IA 914 i 4 11% "°n-independe t c" tk e hi vitro leetroporation "ably° handing Key: TG = transgenic, ICSI-MGT = intracytoplasmic sperm injection-mediated gene transfer, ST = seminiferous tubules, TMGT = testis-mediated gene transfer, KO/Kl = knock-out/knock-