06 (2d Cir. 2005) 8 Kaiser Aluminum & Chem. Corp. v. Bonjorno, 494 U.S. 827 (1990) 6 Kawashima v. Holder, 565 U.S. 478 (2012) 13 Landgraf v. USI Film Prod., 511 U.S. 244 (1994) passim Lattab v. Ashcroft, 384 F.3d 8 (1st Cir. 2004) 7 Leocal v. Ashcroft, 543 U.S. 1 (2004) 13 Martin v. Hadix, 527