4 United States v. Zackson, 12 F.3d 1178 (2d Cir. 1993) 253 United States v. Zodhiates, 901 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2018) 122, 126, 131 Valentine v. Konteh, 395 F.3d 626 (6th Cir. 2005) 235 Vernon v. Cassadaga Valley Cent. School Dist., 49 F.3d 886 (2d Cir. 1995) 42, 43 xxiv EFTA00103023 Washing

4 United States v. Zackson, 12 F.3d 1178 (2d Cir. 1993) 253 United States v. Zodhiates, 901 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2018) 122, 126, 131 Valentine v. Konteh, 395 F.3d 626 (6th Cir. 2005) 235 Vernon v. Cassadaga Valley Cent. School Dist., 49 F.3d 886 (2d Cir. 1995) 42, 43 xxiv EFTA00099965 Washing

4 United States v. Zackson, 12 F.3d 1178 (2d Cir. 1993) 253 United States v. Zodhiates, 901 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2018) 122, 126, 131 Valentine v. Konteh, 395 F.3d 626 (6th Cir. 2005) 235 Vernon v. Cassadaga Valley Cent. School Dist., 49 F.3d 886 (2d Cir. 1995) 42, 43 xxiv EFTA00077630 Washing

4 United States v. Zackson, 12 F.3d 1178 (2d Cir. 1993) 253 United States v. Zodhiates, 901 F.3d 137 (2d Cir. 2018) 122, 126, 131 Valentine v. Konteh, 395 F.3d 626 (6th Cir. 2005) 235 Vernon v. Cassadaga Valley Cent. School Dist., 49 F.3d 886 (2d Cir. 1995) 42, 43 xxiv EFTA00039445 Washing

2 Untied States v. Coffey, 361 F. Supp. 2d 102 (E.D.N.Y. 2005) 151 Untied States v. Post, 950 F. Supp. 2d 519 (S.D.N.Y. 2013) 150 Valentine v. Konteh, 395 F.3d 626 (6th Cir. 2005) 155 Vernon v. Cassadaga Valley Cent. School Dist., 49 F.3d 886 (2d Cir. 1995) 32, 33 Washington v. Giucksberg, 5