MAD AND OTHERS v. THE UNITED KINGDOM JUDGMENT health of the victim (see Ireland v. the United Kingdom, 18 January 1978, § 162, Series A no. 25, and Gafgen v. Germany [GC], no. 22978/05, § 88, ECHR 2010-...). Although the question whether the purpose of the treatment was to humiliate or debase the vict