pital, Inc., 821 F.3d 297 (2d Cir. 2016) 8, 9 Collins v. Univ. of Notre Dame DU Lac, 929 F.3d 830 (7th Cir. 2019) 8, 9 Penncro Assocs., Inc. v. Sprint Spectrum, L.P., 499 F.3d 1151 (10th Cir. 2007) 8, 9 United States v. Aleman, 286 F.3d 86 (2d Cir. 2002) 17 United States v. Annabi, 771 F.2d 670 (2d Cir. 198