l Commercial Bank NCB was established in 1950 by Salim bin Mahfouz, the father of Defendant Khalid bin Mahfouz, as t

Laden, Abdullah bin Laden (collectively the “Bin Laden Brothers”), Yousef Jameel, and Saleh Kamel--Bakr bin Laden, *56 Jameel, and Kamel, along with Khalid bin Mahfouiz and Suleiman al Rajhi, are identified as primary al-Qaeda financiers in the Golden Chain.” Bakr, Tariq, Omar, and Yeslam bin Laden are Osama’s half-