t'l Council of Resistance of Iran v. Dep’t of State, 373 F.3d 152 (D.C. Cir, 2004) occceeesescsnsesssesnseeesesnseeecesnseeenesnseeeeesnseenesnseees Neumeier v. Kuehner, 286 N.E.2d 454 (N.Y. 1972) ccs Redding v. Edwards, 569 F. Supp. 2d 129 (D.D.C. 2008) ........ Rivera v. Heyman, 157 F.3d 101 (2d Cir, 199