for failure to state a claim. See Part III below. Plaintiffs place great reliance on Halber- stam v. Welch, 705 F.2d 472 (D.C.Cir.1983) and Bowm v. Quranic Literacy Institute. & Holy Land Foundation for Relief & Devel- opment, 291 F.3d 1000, 1028 (7th Cir.2002) (“Bowm IT”). Neither of these cases con- cern the tortious act