ependently or 349 FEDERAL SUPPLEMENT, 2d SERIES in partnership between these administra- tive parties and private institutions.” PIF Charter 12, at Berger Aff. Ex. 4B (“PIF Charter”); Affidavit of Abdallah Bin Ha- mad Al-Wohaibi 13, the Director of the Legal Department of the Ministry of Fi- nance, at Berger Aff. E