Education Trust, In- ternational Institute of Islamic Thought, Mar-—Jac Investments, Inc., Mena Corpo- ration, Reston Investments, Inc., Safa Trust, Sana—Bell Inc., Sterling Charitable motions on the merits de novo. See In re Grand Jury Proceedings (Kluger), 827 F.2d 868, 871 n. 3 (2d Cir.1987) (“A transfer und