31 373 U.S. 83 (1963) (holding government must disclose exculpatory evidence in its possession to the defense). 312, Richie, 480 U.S. at 57. 313° Bolduc v. United States, 402 F.3d 50, 56 n.6 (1st Cir. 2005) (emphasis added). Courts have held that Brady obligations extend only to prosecutors, because t