to faces, and so on. Another bottom-up technique with a long history is reinforcement learning. In the 1950s, B. F. Skinner, building on the work of John Watson, famously programmed pigeons to perform elaborate actions—even guiding air-launched missiles to their targets (a disturbing echo of recent AI) by giv

to faces, and so on. Another bottom-up technique with a long history is reinforcement learning. In the 1950s, B. F. Skinner, building on the work of John Watson, famously programmed pigeons to perform elaborate actions—even guiding air-launched missiles to their targets (a disturbing echo of recent AI) by giv

research and has donated 15 to 30 million dollars to Harvard. He has also funded approximately 150 additional scientists including Nobel Prize winner John Watson, co-founder of DNA. Epstein's scientific interests include the functioning of the brain, life creation and eternal life. | : Epstein 1s an owner st