designed to evaluate arbitrary logical expressions, introducing the basis for universal digital logic. After MIT, Shannon studied communications at Bell Labs. Analog telephone calls degraded with distance; the farther they traveled, the worse they sounded. Rather than continue to improve them incrementally

designed to evaluate arbitrary logical expressions, introducing the basis for universal digital logic. After MIT, Shannon studied communications at Bell Labs. Analog telephone calls degraded with distance; the farther they traveled, the worse they sounded. Rather than continue to improve them incrementally

and Professor Chief Executive Officer Editor-in-Chief Chief Executive Officer President and Chief Executive Officer General Secretary President, Bell Labs Senior Vice-President and General Manager, New Markets Region Chairman of the Board Director, Human Development, East Asia and Pacific Region and E

for culture, it’s to the devious and unavoidable problem of global order I want to turn now. In a now-famous 1986 speech “You and Your Research”, the Bell Labs scientist Richard Hamming set three questions for anyone embarked on the exploration of new ideas: “1. What are the most important problems in your f