keen to expand its downstream operations, whilst Shell is looking to reduce them). Two petrochemical projects are also being built. The first is the Sadara project in Jubail, which is expected to become the world’s largest integrated chemicals complex with 3MMt of output. It will use naphtha as feedstock

f the largest crude oil refiners in the world and aims to become a top-three petrochemical producer through standalone petrochemicals facilities like Sadara, downstream integration at its many refineries, and potential acquisitions. The recent announcement of the US split with Shell was followed by commen