sufficient to cause the physician’s lack of pain empathy, or the extent to which physicians are physicians because they were born with less empathy, Decety’s findings point to individual differences in our capacity to feel what others feel and the potential modulating role of experience. Several studies

uce a feeling of sorrow and perhaps even cause one to cry. This suggests that some forms of vocal communication can elicit direct empathic sharing as Decety discusses in his chapter. These forms of vocal communication can produce direct results in listeners without following a route of symbolic reference