mal charges after the filing of a complaint).” The Availability of Crime Victims’ Rights Under the Crime Victims’ Rights Act of 2004, Memorandum from John E. Bies (Dec. 17, 2010, publicly released May 20, 2011) (herein- after “‘OLC Opinion’’). Indeed, in that same opinion, I am surprised to see the Depart- ment

The OLC 2005 Informal Guidance is summarized in a Memorandum Opinion to the Acting Deputy Attorney General from Deputy Assistant Attorney General John E. Bies (Dec. 17, 2010), published as Office of Legal Counsel, 193 OLC concluded that because the CVRA defines “‘crime victim’ as a ‘person directl