We'll probably be at the Cape= in Wellfleet, if we can make it. Maybe there are miracles, but I think=more prosaic approaches yield rich results in domains like vision (Marr's main concern) and language. Like some of those I =80 ye mentioned. I don't see how to progress in other ways= From: Jeffrey E. [mailto:[email protected] Sent: Tuesday, June 23, 2015 10:20 PM To: Noam Chomsky Subject: Re: Re: 1 you are a treat and=l very much appreciate your non finance views.): 2 ehud barak will b= with me for the weekend in ny. not sure where you are? Marr, , -try, probabilty, , symmetry. ent=opy. it might look like computation but it is not. it mi=ht look like algorithm but it is not. the flip of a coin does not co=pute, have an algorithm or a mechanism. though it might look as if it does. it is not an input system, there is not mechanism drivning the heads an= tails towards equal numbers. , there is not nature looking to see what th= previous results were and computing the next result. like your ug it is more of a miracle. Jun 23, 2015 at 9:54 PM, Noam Choms ote: I wouldn't take the term =80 mechanism" too literally. It refers to whatever is taki=g place in the brain. For some, as most of those in the Nowak group, it means neural nets. =For Gallistel, it's processes internal to the cell. Useful t= look at these matters in terms of Marr's three levels: computatio=, algorithm, mechanism. From: Jeffrey E. [mailto:[email protected] Sent: Tuesday, June 23, 2015 9:46 PM To: Noam Chomsky Subject: Re: Re: 1 will do , by the way new =ousing starts were the highest in 7 years. the mortgage intere=t deduction cheerleaders , ( not me ). are thrilled. 2. i am willing to be convinced, as always=/u> 4 EFTA_R1_01621071 EFTA02496531

3. my admittedly naive point is that &qu=t;mechanism" ,I believe ,is the wrong concept. driven in error,=by the machine -computer analog since the early 1900s . instead think of probability , it is not a mechanism , On Tue, Jun 23, 2015 at 9:05 PM, Noam Chomsky =rote: 1. Not a trivial matter. I'm not the=best person to ask. I'd suggest contacting people who =99ve really thought seriously about these issues, like Robert Pollin, a fi=e independent economist at U Mass Amherst 2. Sherman's speculation is an interesting exten=ion of recent discoveries about conservation, deep homologies, regulatory =ircuits, and other elements of what's sometimes called "the evo-devo revolution." It remains to be seen whether a=ything can be done with it. I think you underestimate the contributi=ns of Berwick and his students, including Yang. 3. The idea that there is a "ug" for vis=on, language, etc., seems to be essentially what Randy Gallistel calls =80 the norm in neuroscience," quoted in the paper on modularity =hat I sent you. And yes, they're certainly connected, at least a= the level of cells, and presumably well beyond. These are live and =ignificant research areas. These "central modules" d= not have input or output, but they are accessed by input systems and in some cases, like language, by output systems. That seems a fair p=cture of the rough cognitive architecture. I don't follow th= rest. It's true that work on human language uses as evidenc= what is available, namely performance. And much of the work unfortunately is fascinated by the droppings, just as in other fields. But there is some work that seeks to discover the mechanisms, as discus=ed in the papers I sent you. From: jeffrey E. [mailto:[email protected]] Sent: Tuesday, June 23, 2015 7:52 AM Subject: Re: Re: 1. if you would design a fair tax system. what goals would you suggest. I ye been researching how to start a new =inancial system for Zimbabwe. its now so broken it prese=ts a clean petrie dish, exchange rate of a billion billion dollars equals one us dollar 2 berwick and yang. clever. =olution hunters, . not sure if question raisers ,=sherman better 3 . taking sherman work . and my conjectures ug 's would be genetically created modules of "sense makers. " structures t=at were able to separate sense from non-sense. I think there would be a ug for vision . smell etc and probably similar or=connected in some way. 5 EFTA_R1_01621072 EFTA02496532

in previous emails I have been referring to &q=ot;shapes" as a metaphor for those structures. chap=s do not have an input /output . a failing of the computational analogies. let me try this , a cell membrane , has a shape, it se=arates inner from outer. it is easy to see what is inside or o=t. the shape of the membrane is determined solely by a probability d=stribution. nothing more. The tons of works on spoken language =seem in vain to try to make of the mechanism from a minuscule sampling of=the combinatorics . silly. in the elephant and the blind man s=ory, , they are not even close to touching the elephant they are fasc=nated by its droppings. On Tue, Jun 23, 2015 at 12:28 AM, Noam Chomsky «= wrote: I wouldn't dare to run the sh=w for money 101, but I'm sure I would learn a lot by sitting in.</=pan> It's true that grammars stand=outside of time, a fact that many linguists and psychologists don'= understand. There are suggestions of something like a "universal UG," =hough not couched in just these terms. Notably Michael Sherman =99s theory that a universal genome appeared at about the time of the Cambr=an explosion, and all forms of life are minor variants of it. From: jeffrey E. [mailto:[email protected]=mj Sent: Monday, June 22, 2015 12:06 AM To: Noam Chomsky Subject: Re: Re: 1. dont you have any =uestions about money, . ? ? finance.. .? I owe you some knowledge . 2 .to say the shape c=n be" decribed " by language is redundant. the "shape"=is the metaphor for an n-dimentional object, it stands outside of t=me. as do grammars , but sentences do not, they require time. = the shape is somewhat like a fitness landscape? contrasted with communication which also requires = time dimension and biololgy that needs and uses energy . I suggest the mammal Ug is a subcategory of all UG.s = and that as biology prefers redundancy . the other modules, ie vision are small distortions of it. 3. during that UN period I often give a " money 101 to world leaders who have in many case.. little kno=ledge of a subject to which they give many speeches and policy directives , as they only have experinces such as that of a g=neral , a politicitain, in some instancees a disk jockey, befo=e having to run their country. I would love to consider =ome of what you thought was " fair " . with regard. allocations. if you were running the show. 6 EFTA_R1_01621073 EFTA02496533