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ive reading, even if permissible, would very likely exceed the Commerce Clause power as the Supreme Court presently construes it. In United States' Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995), the Supreme Court struck down the Gun- Free School Zones Act, holding that it exceeded Congress's Commerce Clause authority. I
the crime. See United States. Root, 296 F.3d 1222, 122742 (11th Cir. 2002); United States' Suns, 428 F.3d 945, 959 (10* Cir. 2005); United States' Helder, 452 F.3d 751 (8* Cir. 2006); United States d Meek, 366 F.3d 705, 717-20 (9* Cir. 2004). Likewise, the Circuits have rejected voi for vagueness, o
ation is addressed. After all, it is a first principle th t the Constitution creates a federal government of enumerated powers. See United Slates'. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549, 552 (1995) ("Just as the separation and independence of the coordinate branches of the Federal Government serve to prevent the accum
es1 Sims, 428 F.3d 945, 959 0th Cir. dealing with a minor was sufficient to make out the crime. See United States Root, 296 2005); United States I Helder, 452 F.3d 751 (8Ih Or. 2006); United States I Meek, 366 F.3d 705, 717-20 (0 Cir. 2004). Likewise, the Circuits have rejected void or vagueness, ove
e reading, even if permissible, would very likely exceed the Commerce Clause power as the Supreme Court presently construes it. In United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995), the Supreme Court struck down the Gun- Free School Zones Act, holding that it exceeded Congress's Commerce Clause authority. I
rime. See United States v. Root, 296 F.3d 1222, 122742 (11"' Cir. 2002); United States v. Sims, 428 F.3d 945, 959 (10* Cir. 2005); United States v. Helder, 452 F.3d 751 (8* Cir. 2006); United States v. Meek, 366 F.3d 705, 717-20 (9'h Cir. 2004). Likewise, the Circuits have rejected void for vagueness,
e reading, even if permissible, would very likely exceed the Commerce Clause power as the Supreme Court presently construes it. In United States v. Lopez, 514 U.S. 549 (1995), the Supreme Court struck down the Gun- Free School Zones Act, holding that it exceeded Congress's Commerce Clause authority. I
ime. See United States v. Root, 296 F.3d 1222, 1227-32 (11th Cir. 2002); United States v. Sims, 428 F.3d 945, 959 (10th Cir. 2005); United States x Helder, 452 F.3d 751 (8th Cir. 2006); United States v. Meek, 366 F.3d 705, 717-20 (9th Cir. 2004). Likewise, the Circuits have rejected void for vagueness,
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