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stein's Non-Prosecution Agreement in 2007, or in its 2019 indictment of Epstein, which charged Epstein with sex trafficking offenses from 2002-2005. Joinder is improper when the offenses are separated by such a significant time period and do not relate to each other. See Martinez, 1993 WL 322768, at *8-
620 F.2d at 926). Offenses are "connected" or part of a "common scheme or plan" if the counts "grow out of related transactions." United States v. Randazzo, 80 F.3d 623, 627 (1st Cir. 1996). By contrast, offenses are not "connected" and joinder is inappropriate when "[c]ommission of one of the offenses
racter, or are based on the same act or transaction, or are connected with or constitute parts of a common scheme or plan." Fed. R. Crim. P. 8(a). "Joinder is proper where the same evidence may be used to prove each count," United States v. Blakney, 941 F.2d 114, 116 (2d Cir.1991), or if the counts have
1992) 4 United States v. Littlefield, 840 F.2d 143 (1st Cir. 1988) 6 United States v. Potamitis, 739 F.2d 784 (2d Cir. 1984) 3 United States v. Randazzo, 80 F.3d 623 (1st Cir. 1996) 2 United States v. Ruiz, 894 F.2d 501 (2d Cir.1990) I, 3 United States v. Sweig, 441 F.2d 114 (2d Cir. 1971) 3 Uni
racter, or are based on the same act or transaction, or are connected with or constitute parts of a common scheme or plan." Fed. R. Crim. P. 8(a). "Joinder is proper where the same evidence may be used to prove each count," United States v. Blakney, 941 F.2d 114, 116 (2d Cir.1991), or if the counts have
1992) 4 United States v. Littlefield, 840 F.2d 143 (1st Cir. 1988) 6 United States v. Potamitis, 739 F.2d 784 (2d Cir. 1984) 3 United States v. Randazzo, 80 F.3d 623 (1st Cir. 1996) 2 United States v. Ruiz, 894 F.2d 501 (2d Cir.1990) I, 3 United States v. Sweig, 441 F.2d 114 (2d Cir. 1971) 3 Uni
Entities connected to both Joinder and Randazzo

Jeffrey Epstein
PERSON
Bradley Edwards
PERSON
United States
LOCATION
Ghislaine Maxwell
PERSONthe Southern District
LOCATION
Julie K. Brown
PERSONMaria Farmer
PERSON
Scarlett Johansson
PERSON
Virginia Giuffre
PERSONJeffrey Pagliuca
PERSONBlakney
PERSONPotamitis
PERSON
Stephen Hawking
PERSON
Alan Dershowitz
PERSONWerner
PERSON
George Mitchell
PERSON
Prince Andrew
PERSON
Michael Cohen
PERSONCourtney Wild
PERSON
Supreme Court
ORGANIZATION