Epstein Secrets

ounded the field of second-order cybernetics, in which the observer is understood as part of the system itself and not an external entity. I knew von Foerster well, and in one of our many conversations, he offered his views on the relation between art and science: I’ve always perceived art and science as c

rate of knowledge accumulation. John von Neumann also has a cameo in Zhe Human Use of Human Beings, for game theory. What Wiener missed here was von Neumann’s seminal role in digitizing computation. Whereas analog communication degraded with distance, analog computing (like the Differential Analyzer) degr

inging the programmability of bits to the world of atoms. By digitizing not just designs but the construction of materials, the same lessons that von Neumann and Shannon taught us apply to exponentially increasing fabricational complexity. I’ve defined digital materials to be those constructed from a disc

ounded the field of second-order cybernetics, in which the observer is understood as part of the system itself and not an external entity. I knew von Foerster well, and in one of our many conversations, he offered his views on the relation between art and science: I’ve always perceived art and science as c

rate of knowledge accumulation. John von Neumann also has a cameo in Zhe Human Use of Human Beings, for game theory. What Wiener missed here was von Neumann’s seminal role in digitizing computation. Whereas analog communication degraded with distance, analog computing (like the Differential Analyzer) degr

inging the programmability of bits to the world of atoms. By digitizing not just designs but the construction of materials, the same lessons that von Neumann and Shannon taught us apply to exponentially increasing fabricational complexity. I’ve defined digital materials to be those constructed from a disc

tedness—including the effects of policing on a colony's rate of production of offspring—may play a role in explaining evolution of worker policing (Foster and Ratnieks 2001a,c: Hartmann et al_ 2003; Hammond and Keller. 2004; Wenseleers and Ratnieks. 2006b; Helantera and Sundstrom. 2007; Khila and Abo

rassmann. 1999. Mate number, kin selection and social conflicts in stingless bees and honeybees, Proc. R. Soc. loud. B 266. 379 384. Pint, C.W.W., Neumann, P. Hepburn. R.. hloritz. R.I.A.. Tautr. J.. 1999. Fgg viability and worker policing in honey bees. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sol. USA 101, 8649 8651. Quel