Epstein Secrets

der the relation of the event to one's life course (Berntsen & Rubin, 2006; Frankenhuis & Weenh, 2013); the emotional or taboo nature of the acts (Christianson, 1992; Goodman et al., 1990); meta-cognitive abilities (Koriat et al., 2000), especially in relation to schema-expected, plausible acts (Pezdek et

opardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of chiklren's testimony. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10180- 000 Christianson, S. A. (1992). Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 284-309. Connolly, I). A., Chong, K., Cobur

, J. (2004). Weathering the storm: Children's long- term recall of Hurricane Andrew. Memory, 12(1), 104-118. doi:10.1080/09658210244000397 Foa, E., Cashman, L., Jaycox, L, & Perry, K. (1997). The valida- tion of a self-report measure of PTSD: The Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale. Psychological Assessment,

Time 2 they completed the 40-item Trauma Symptom Checklist (TSC; Elliot & Briere, 1992) and the 49-item Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (PDS; Foa, Cashman, Jaycox, & Perry, 1997). For our sample, rel- evant means and standard deviations on these measures were: TSC total score, M = 23.92, SD = 14.08; TS

eriences of sexual abuse can become inaccessible to con- sciousness. Although core features of stressful events are often panicu- lwly well retained (Christianson. 1992), debate centers on whether, for highly traumatic events, special memory mechanisms supercede normal memory processes. Some researchers argue

actors like event salience and personal rele- vance may facilitate memory retention (e.g., Baker-Ward. Hess. & Flanagan, 1990: Bower & Sivers. 1998; Christianson, 1992). severe abuse, which typically includes invasive sexual contact, force, or both. would be more likely to be remembered than less severe abus

estionnaires of psychopathology, such as the Dissociative Experiences Scale (Bernstein & Putnam. 1986) and the Posttraumatic Diagnostic Scale (Foa. Cashman. laycox. & Perry. 1997); and (c) an in-person interview (n w 107).' For scientific and ethical reasons, participants were never told that we knew o

aps because of their salience or distinctiveness. They may activate physiological (e.g., amygrIala; LeDoux, 2000) and behavioral (e.g., rehearsal; Christianson, 1992) responses that help con- solidate or maintain memories, possibly including memories for whole categories of experiences. Moreover, for highly

abuse in a national survey of adult men and women: Prevalence. characteristics. and risk factors. Child Abuse and Neglect. 14. 19-28. Foa. E.B.. Cashman. I... Jaycox. L. & Peny. K. (1997). The validation of a self-report measure of posuraumaiie stress disorder. The Postuatunatic Diagnostic Scale. Ps

Stress" Diagnostic Scale (PDS), which has commendable psy- chometric pmperties (e.g., internal consistencies from .78 to .84 for the criteria: Foa, Cashman, Jaycox, & Perry, 1997). This measure provides a list of traumatic events (including CSA); respondents indicate which events happened to them and,