Epstein Secrets

261 CSA to authorities and the high rates reported in prevalence studies. For example, a meta-analysis conducted by Stollen- borgh, van Ilzendoorn, Euser, and Bakermans-Kranenburg (2011) combining estimations of CSA in 217 studies published between 1980 and 2008 revealed rates of CSA to be more than

ed in CSA disclosures is timely when research continues to show high rates of delayed disclosures (Collin-Vezina, Sablonni, Palmer, & Milne, 2015; Crisma, Bascelli, Paci, & Romito, 2004; Easton, 2013; Goodman-Brown, Edelstein, Goodman, Jones, & Gordon, 2003; Hershkowitz, Lanes, & Lamb; 2007; Jonzon

261 CSA to authorities and the high rates reported in prevalence studies. For example, a meta-analysis conducted by Stolten- borgh, van LIzendoom, Euser, and Bakermans-Kranenburg (2011) combining estimations of CSA in 217 studies published between 1980 and 2008 revealed rates of CSA to be more than

ed in CSA disclosures is timely when research continues to show high rates of delayed disclosures (Collin-VEzina, Sablonni, Palmer, & Milne, 2015; Crisma, Bascelli, Paci, & Romito, 2004; Easton, 2013; Goodman-Brown, Edelstein, Goodman, Jones, & Gordon, 2003; Hershkowitz, Lanes, & Lamb; 2007; Jonzon

(21.5%) and for boys in Africa (19.3%), with the lowest rates for both girls (11.3%) and boys (4.1%) reported in Asia (Stoltenborgh, van Uzendoorn, Euser, & Bakermans-Kranenburg, 20 I 1). These findings point to the incongruence between the low number of official reports of I Factor-Inwentash Facult

rnal bar- riers. Further, shame, self-blame, and fear have been identified as significant factors deterring disclosure (Collin-Vezina et al., 2015; Crisma et al., 2004; Goodman-Brown et al., 2003; Hun- ter, 2011; Kogan, 2004; McElvaney & Culhane, 2015; McEl- vaney et al., 2014). However, aspects of sham

assailant tactics for maintaining secrecy, stigma that often accompanies rape, and fear that their parents would consequently limit their freedom (Crisma, Bascelli, Paci, & Romito, 2004). Also, as victims approach adulthood, they may possess more information about their rights and options after vict