Epstein Secrets

tion of forgetting to recol- lection error, as well as about the role that lack of confidence in one's memory plays in resisting false suggestions (Loftus, 1996; Rubin & Wenzel, 1996; Wickens, 1998; Wixted, 2004). There are legitimate con- cerns that delay can lead to increased guessing, schema- driven

ildhood genital contact is paramount, with concerns about inac- curacies amplified when the adults have trauma histories (Conway, 2013; Howe, 2013; Loftus, 1996; Otgaar, Muds, Howe, & Merchkelback, 2017). Society is grappling with how to respond to such cases (D. A. Connolly, Chong, Coburn, & Lutgens

ncounters, including as intensified in vulner- able individuals by debated clinical techniques (Bot- toms, Shaver, & Goodman, 1996; Lilienfeld, 2015; Loftus, 1996). Yet clinical and memory theories should also address the matter of enduring memories for genital touch actually experienced in childhood.

der the relation of the event to one's life course (Berntsen & Rubin, 2006; Frankenhuis & Weenh, 2013); the emotional or taboo nature of the acts (Christianson, 1992; Goodman et al., 1990); meta-cognitive abilities (Koriat et al., 2000), especially in relation to schema-expected, plausible acts (Pezdek et

opardy in the courtroom: A scientific analysis of chiklren's testimony. Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/10180- 000 Christianson, S. A. (1992). Emotional stress and eyewitness memory: A critical review. Psychological Bulletin, 112, 284-309. Connolly, I). A., Chong, K., Cobur

120304 Racial. ethnic. and cultural factors of childhood sexual abuse: A selected review of the literature. Clinical Pnrhokm Review. 20. 905-922. Loftus. E.F. Gany.M. & Felten:kJ 119944 Foramina sexual imam*: What does nn mean when 3844 forget? Journal of Coasalring and Cluical Psychelogv. 62. 177- 1

sms supercede normal memory processes. Some researchers argue that traumatic and benign events are subject to identical cognitive operations (e.g., Loftus, Garry, & Feldman. 1994; Shobe & Kihlstrom• 1997). According to this view, traumatic experiences, like nontraumatic ones, can be forgotten over ti

eriences of sexual abuse can become inaccessible to con- sciousness. Although core features of stressful events are often panicu- lwly well retained (Christianson. 1992), debate centers on whether, for highly traumatic events, special memory mechanisms supercede normal memory processes. Some researchers argue

actors like event salience and personal rele- vance may facilitate memory retention (e.g., Baker-Ward. Hess. & Flanagan, 1990: Bower & Sivers. 1998; Christianson, 1992). severe abuse, which typically includes invasive sexual contact, force, or both. would be more likely to be remembered than less severe abus

1). Psychology. New York: Random House (ICnopf). Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1982). Essence of Statistics. Monterey, CA: Brooks/Cole. Bootzin, R., Loftus, E., & Zajonc, R. (1983). Psychology Today (5th ed.). NY: Random House. Loftus, G.R. & Loftus, E.F. (1983). Mind at Play. New York: Basic Books. •

er, B.L. & Loftus, E.F. (1990). Jury selection in major controlled substance trials: The need for extended voir dire. Forensic Reports, 3, 331-348. Christianson, S-A. & Loftus, E.F. (1990). Some characteristics of peoples' traumatic memories. Bulletin of the Psychonomic Society, 28(3), 195-198. Jobe, J. Whi

J., & Loftus, E.F. (1990). Determining damages: The influence of expert testimony on jurors' decision making. Law and Human Behavior, 14, 385-395. Christianson, S., Goodman, J., & Loftus, E.F. (1990). Eyewitness testimony. In Eysenck, M. (Ed.), The Blackwell Dictionary of Cognitive Psychology. Oxford, U.K.: