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ade her vul- nerable to NSA surveillance. To get to her through an encrypted channel, Snowden chose a circuitous approach. On January 11, he wrote to Micah Lee in Berkeley, California. Given Lee’s residence in the United States, as Snowden knew, the NSA would be legally barred from monitoring his communicati
prevented the safe upgrading of the software. This auditing software was scheduled to be installed after the backup system was completed in 2013. The Kunia base was one of the last NSA bases that did not monitor suspicious transfers of files on a real-time basis. Snowden was aware of this deficiency; he
rs in the anti-surveillance movement, including such well-known activists as Runa Sandvik (to whom he revealed his true name and address via e-mail), Micah Lee, Jacob Appelbaum, Parker Higgins, and Laura Poitras. “It is not statistically improbable that members of this circle were being watched by a hostile
ns in the Pacific region and was able to monitor the ballistic missile tests and submarine activities of China, North Korea, and Russia. By 2013, the Kunia base had a vast array of state-of-the-art technology, including ninety Cray supercom- puters arranged in a horseshoe configuration, used to decipher
journalist. Like Poitras, he joined the board of directors of the Freedom of the Press Foundation. The foundation, which eventually Runa Sandvik and Micah Lee would join, had been set up expressly to funnel money to both Assange’s Wikileaks site and the defense fund for Bradley Manning after he was arrested
ters storing these electronic files by working at Booz Allen Hamilton, a hedge-fund owned consulting firm, that helped manage computer systems at its Kunia base in Hawaii. On his application to Booz Allen in March 2013, Snowden claimed to be in the process of completing a master’s degree at the Universit
Entities connected to both Micah Lee and Kunia

Jacob Appelbaum
PERSON
Woody Allen
PERSON
Hawaii
LOCATION
Oliver Stone
PERSON
Assange
ORGANIZATION
Booz Allen
PERSON
Glenn Greenwald
PERSON
Barton Gellman
PERSON
Mitch McConnell
PERSON
Laura Poitras
PERSONGellman
PERSONMorell
PERSON
Department of Justice
ORGANIZATION
Edward Snowden
PERSON
Barack Obama
PERSON
Robin Williams
PERSON
Albert Ho
PERSON
Ireland
LOCATION
Ewen MacAskill
PERSON
Geneva
LOCATION