Epstein Secrets

r purge of communists and their collaborators!' PiS even initiated a cam- paign to sully the reputation of Lech Walesa, leader of the anticommunist Solidarity movement in the 1980s, by accusing him of working as a communist agent." Since coming to power with a parliamentary majority in October 2015, PiS

MOCRACY: Goals, Strategies, and Methods of Modern Authoritarians In May 2014, Putin signed a new law that criminalized the purposeful distortion of the Soviet Union's role in World War II. It could easily be applied to historians who, for example, criticize Stalin's Great Terror and its decimation of the militar

o come to the rescue of Hungarian freedom fighters in 1956; LBJ to support the Prague uprising in 1968; and Reagan to deny overt support for Polish Solidarity and others as they loosened the Soviet grip on the Warsaw Pact. If the likely outcome on the current path is unacceptable, or poses unacceptable r

the rebel-controlled eastern Ukrainian city of Slovyansk. The week ahead will see two decisive days of reckoning: May 9, when Russians commemorate the Soviet Union's victory over Nazi Germany, and May 11, when pro-Russian separatists occupying government buildings in a dozen cities in eastern Ukraine will hold a

litary incursion, portend a World War III, as even cool heads are now asking? As Adam Michnik, the great Polish intellectual and leader of the 1980 Solidarity movement, asked rhetorically at the aforementioned panel: "Will a European or an American want to go to war to defend Estonia or Latvia, both of th

ith Soviet subsidies, and stem any risk of contagion within the Soviet bloc, which proved an immense economic burden that eventually contributed to the Soviet Union's final economic crisis. In Putin's case, as in Khrushchev's, short-term gains could boomerang into long-term disasters. CYNTHIA A. ROBERTS teaches

, Calvi recounted a conversation he had with Archbishop Marcinkus, claiming to have warned him "Be careful... If it comes out that you gave money to Solidarity, there won't be one stone of the Vatican left standing ." (He was referring to the Polish labor union movement which helped undermine the Soviet Un

to Solidarity, there won't be one stone of the Vatican left standing ." (He was referring to the Polish labor union movement which helped undermine the Soviet Union's control of Poland.) Archbishop Marcinkus meanwhile stone-walled Italian regulators, stating that Calvi was the sole author of the machinations. Ita