Epstein Secrets

lysis of Culture Using Millions of Digitized Books Jean-Baptiste Michel,?***+ Yuan Kui Shen,° Aviva Presser Aiden,° Adrian Veres,’ Matthew K. Gray,* The Google Books Team,® Joseph P. Pickett,’ Dale Hoiberg,’” Dan Clancy,® Peter Norvig,® Jon Orwant,® Steven Pinker,’ Martin A. Nowak,)!)” Erez Lieberman Aiden! !*!*!

aboratory, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. °Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02115, USA. "Harvard College, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. °Google, Inc., Mountain View, CA, 94043, USA. "Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, Boston, MA 02116, USA. '’Encyclopaedia Britannica, Inc., Chicago, IL 60654, USA. ''Dept of Organismic an

d. Ironically, the “information” they trade in is closer to Shannon’s definition than Wiener’s, Shannon’s mathematical proofs notwithstanding. While Google Books may help circulate hundreds of thousands of works of literature for free, Google itself—like Facebook, Amazon, Twitter, and their many imitators—has

uilt a computer out of Tinkertoys. It has around 10,000 wooden parts, plays tic-tac-toe, and never loses; it’s now in the Computer History Museum, in Mountain View, California. As a graduate student at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in the early 1980s, Danny designed a massively

d. Ironically, the “information” they trade in is closer to Shannon’s definition than Wiener’s, Shannon’s mathematical proofs notwithstanding. While Google Books may help circulate hundreds of thousands of works of literature for free, Google itself—like Facebook, Amazon, Twitter, and their many imitators—has

uilt a computer out of Tinkertoys. It has around 10,000 wooden parts, plays tic-tac-toe, and never loses; it’s now in the Computer History Museum, in Mountain View, California. As a graduate student at the MIT Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory in the early 1980s, Danny designed a massively