Epstein Secrets

g’s paper. One of them, Alonzo Church, was based at the Institute of Advanced Mathematics in the USA on the Princeton University campus, next door to the Institute for Advanced Study that housed Einstein. Turing travelled to America in 1937 and completed his doctoral thesis at Princeton. He might have stayed, but Europe was heatin

‘monkeys and typewriters’ idea where we use random chance to generate information. Many people have suggested it is possible to write a play such as Shakespeare's Hamlet by simply typing random characters until we happened upon the play. The argument is flawed. The first flaw is the process would take a supe

d with time, accumulating errors as it progressed. Von Neumann presented in 1952 a result corresponding to Shannon’s for computation (they had met at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton), showing that it was possible to compute reliably with an unreliable computing device by using symbols rather than continuous quantiti

ommunity, must say something substantially different from the community’s previous common stock of information.” This was why “schoolboys do not like Shakespeare,” he concluded: The Bard’s couplets may depart starkly from random bitstreams, but they had nonetheless become all too familiar to the sense-making p

d with time, accumulating errors as it progressed. Von Neumann presented in 1952 a result corresponding to Shannon’s for computation (they had met at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton), showing that it was possible to compute reliably with an unreliable computing device by using symbols rather than continuous quantiti

ommunity, must say something substantially different from the community’s previous common stock of information.” This was why “schoolboys do not like Shakespeare,” he concluded: The Bard’s couplets may depart starkly from random bitstreams, but they had nonetheless become all too familiar to the sense-making p