Epstein Secrets

g’s paper. One of them, Alonzo Church, was based at the Institute of Advanced Mathematics in the USA on the Princeton University campus, next door to the Institute for Advanced Study that housed Einstein. Turing travelled to America in 1937 and completed his doctoral thesis at Princeton. He might have stayed, but Europe was heatin

d rules often part company. Yet, we all assume math- ematics is free of such uncertainty. Let me tell you this is not so. The brilliant mathematician Kurt Gédel proved see eee this when he was just 22, and his proof a es says something fundamental about the 4 rs /, : nature of knowledge. a has The story of h

d with time, accumulating errors as it progressed. Von Neumann presented in 1952 a result corresponding to Shannon’s for computation (they had met at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton), showing that it was possible to compute reliably with an unreliable computing device by using symbols rather than continuous quantiti

g to it. What was constraining to cybernetics was the presumption of an analogy of structure between the controller and the controlled. By the 1930s, Kurt Gédel, Alonzo Church, and Alan Turing had all described universal systems of computation, in which the computation required no structural analogy to functi

d with time, accumulating errors as it progressed. Von Neumann presented in 1952 a result corresponding to Shannon’s for computation (they had met at the Institute for Advanced Study, in Princeton), showing that it was possible to compute reliably with an unreliable computing device by using symbols rather than continuous quantiti

g to it. What was constraining to cybernetics was the presumption of an analogy of structure between the controller and the controlled. By the 1930s, Kurt Gédel, Alonzo Church, and Alan Turing had all described universal systems of computation, in which the computation required no structural analogy to functi