Epstein Secrets

rate of knowledge accumulation. John von Neumann also has a cameo in Zhe Human Use of Human Beings, for game theory. What Wiener missed here was von Neumann’s seminal role in digitizing computation. Whereas analog communication degraded with distance, analog computing (like the Differential Analyzer) degr

inging the programmability of bits to the world of atoms. By digitizing not just designs but the construction of materials, the same lessons that von Neumann and Shannon taught us apply to exponentially increasing fabricational complexity. I’ve defined digital materials to be those constructed from a disc

rence to make a difference. In this way of looking at the world, a control system needed to be as complex as the system it controlled. Cyberneticist W. Ross Ashby proved that this was true in a precise mathematical sense, in what is now called Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety, or sometimes the First Law of Cybe

rate of knowledge accumulation. John von Neumann also has a cameo in Zhe Human Use of Human Beings, for game theory. What Wiener missed here was von Neumann’s seminal role in digitizing computation. Whereas analog communication degraded with distance, analog computing (like the Differential Analyzer) degr

inging the programmability of bits to the world of atoms. By digitizing not just designs but the construction of materials, the same lessons that von Neumann and Shannon taught us apply to exponentially increasing fabricational complexity. I’ve defined digital materials to be those constructed from a disc

rence to make a difference. In this way of looking at the world, a control system needed to be as complex as the system it controlled. Cyberneticist W. Ross Ashby proved that this was true in a precise mathematical sense, in what is now called Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety, or sometimes the First Law of Cybe

r machine, now known as a Universal Turing Machine, an arbitrary set of computing instructions could be encoded on that same tape. In the 1940s, von Neumann developed an abstract self-reproducing machine called a cellular automaton. In this case it occupied a finite subset of an infinite two- dimensional

fic even though no one seems to be in control. There are three laws of artificial intelligence. The first, known as Ashby’s Law, after cybernetician W. Ross Ashby, author of Design for a Brain, states that any effective control system must be as complex as the system it controls. The second law, articulated by

r machine, now known as a Universal Turing Machine, an arbitrary set of computing instructions could be encoded on that same tape. In the 1940s, von Neumann developed an abstract self-reproducing machine called a cellular automaton. In this case it occupied a finite subset of an infinite two- dimensional

fic even though no one seems to be in control. There are three laws of artificial intelligence. The first, known as Ashby’s Law, after cybernetician W. Ross Ashby, author of Design for a Brain, states that any effective control system must be as complex as the system it controls. The second law, articulated by