Epstein Secrets

rate of knowledge accumulation. John von Neumann also has a cameo in Zhe Human Use of Human Beings, for game theory. What Wiener missed here was von Neumann’s seminal role in digitizing computation. Whereas analog communication degraded with distance, analog computing (like the Differential Analyzer) degr

inging the programmability of bits to the world of atoms. By digitizing not just designs but the construction of materials, the same lessons that von Neumann and Shannon taught us apply to exponentially increasing fabricational complexity. I’ve defined digital materials to be those constructed from a disc

o capture the excitement felt by participants, as mathematics joined theoretical biology (Arturo Rosenblueth) and information theory (Claude Shannon, Walter Pitts, Warren McCulloch) to produce a barrage of interdisciplinary research and publications viewed as changing not just the way science was done but the w

rate of knowledge accumulation. John von Neumann also has a cameo in Zhe Human Use of Human Beings, for game theory. What Wiener missed here was von Neumann’s seminal role in digitizing computation. Whereas analog communication degraded with distance, analog computing (like the Differential Analyzer) degr

inging the programmability of bits to the world of atoms. By digitizing not just designs but the construction of materials, the same lessons that von Neumann and Shannon taught us apply to exponentially increasing fabricational complexity. I’ve defined digital materials to be those constructed from a disc

o capture the excitement felt by participants, as mathematics joined theoretical biology (Arturo Rosenblueth) and information theory (Claude Shannon, Walter Pitts, Warren McCulloch) to produce a barrage of interdisciplinary research and publications viewed as changing not just the way science was done but the w

Bigelow's "Behavior, Purpose and Teleology" (1943); McCullouch & Pitts's "A Logical Calculus of the Ideas Immanent in Nervous Activity" (1943); von Neumann's book Theory of Games and Economic Behavior (with Oskar Morgenstem) 1944; Shannon's "A Mathematical Theory of Communication" (1948); Wiener's Cybe

who of cutting edge scientific intellectuals: H. Ross Ashby, Gregory Bateson, Julian H. Bigelow, Warren McCulloch, Margaret Mead, F.S.C. Northrop, Walter Pitts, Arturo Rosenthbleuth, John Von Neumann, Claude Shannon, Heinz Von Foerster, W. Grey Walter, Norbert Wiener, and J.Z. Young. McCulloch, as Chairman

r machine, now known as a Universal Turing Machine, an arbitrary set of computing instructions could be encoded on that same tape. In the 1940s, von Neumann developed an abstract self-reproducing machine called a cellular automaton. In this case it occupied a finite subset of an infinite two- dimensional

plied his knowledge of control and feedback loops to neuro-muscular feedback in living systems, and was responsible for bringing Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts to MIT, where they did their pioneering work on artificial neural networks. Wiener’s central insight was that the world should be understood in term

r machine, now known as a Universal Turing Machine, an arbitrary set of computing instructions could be encoded on that same tape. In the 1940s, von Neumann developed an abstract self-reproducing machine called a cellular automaton. In this case it occupied a finite subset of an infinite two- dimensional

plied his knowledge of control and feedback loops to neuro-muscular feedback in living systems, and was responsible for bringing Warren McCulloch and Walter Pitts to MIT, where they did their pioneering work on artificial neural networks. Wiener’s central insight was that the world should be understood in term