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there is instability and weak governance are particularly vulnerable. Polio was limited to a few isolated regions of Afghanistan, Nigeria, Pakistan, Somalia and Syria but due to intensifying conflict and low immunization levels the disease was able to spillover to neighboring states Ethiopia, Cameroon,
force and exacerbate each other. For example, polio in Pakistan, Nigeria Somalia and Syria and its recent spillover to Iraq, Ethiopia, Cameroon and Equatorial Guinea demonstrate in the starkest terms how zones of instability are vulnerable to disease and its spillover. By better understanding the linkages or nex
ritories, Panama, Papua New Guinea, Paracel Islands, Paraguay, Peru, Russia, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saudi Arabia, Senegal, Seychelles, Sierra Leone, Somalia, South Sudan. Spratly Islands, Sudan, Swaziland, Syria, Tajikistan, Tanzania, Timor-Leste, Togo. Tonga, Trinidad and Tobago, Tunisia, Turkey, Turkme
, Cook Islands, Costa Rica, Cote d'Ivoire, Crimea, The, Cuba, Cyprus Turkish Cypriot Administered, Dominican Republic. Ecuador, Egypt, El Salvador, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia. Ghana. Grenada, Guatemala. Guinea, Guinea- Bissau, Guyana. Haiti. Honduras, India, Iran, Iraq. Ivory Coast (C6te d'Ivoire). Jamai
ability, and its membership is believed to have diversified, with anecdotal evidence suggesting that foreign fighters from Chad, Mauritania, Niger, Somalia and Sudan may be in Boko Haram's ranks." In recent years, northern Nigeria has also seen the formation of splinter groups emerging from Boko Haram,
The World Health Organization stated that the virus is at high risk of crossing borders. The same strain as in Cameroon has just been confirmed in Equatorial Guinea, making it the first case since 1999' The persistence of polio in Nigeria has global implications. In 2003, for example, several states in northem
Entities connected to both Somalia and Equatorial Guinea

Donald Trump
PERSON
Sudan
LOCATION
Prince Andrew
PERSON
Joe Biden
PERSONLeon Black
PERSON
Stephen Hawking
PERSON
Prince Charles
PERSON
Robert Gates
PERSONCourtney Wild
PERSON
David Cameron
PERSON
Nigeria
LOCATION
Ethiopia
LOCATION
Osama bin Laden
PERSON
Vicky Ward
PERSON
Pfizer
ORGANIZATION
Kenya
LOCATION
Melinda Gates
PERSON
Malaysia
LOCATION
North
LOCATION
Amnesty International
ORGANIZATION