Epstein Secrets

required by Rule 8 "must simply 'give the defendant fair notice of what the plaintiffs claim is and the grounds upon which it rests' ") (quoting Conley, 355 U.S. at 47, 78 S.Ct. 99). When presented with a 12(6)(6) motion, the district court may not consider matters outside of the pleadings without

before discov- ery and decided without an evidentiary hearing, Plaintiffs need only make a prima facie showing that personal jurisdiction ex- ists. PDK Labs, Inc. a Friedlander, 103 F.3d 1105, 1108 (2d Cir.1997); AL Trade Finance, Ina a Petra Bank, 989 F.2d 76, 79 (2c1 Cir.1993). Plaintiffs may rely en- tire

t before discov- ery and decided without an evidentiary hearing, Plaintiffs need only make a prima facie showing that personal jurisdiction ex- ists. PDK Labs, Inc. v. Friedlander, 103 F.8d 1105, 1108 @d Cir.1997); AZ. Trade Finance, Inc. v. Petra Bank, 989 F.2d 76, 79 (2d Cir.1993). Plaintiffs may rely en- tirel

eyond doubt, “even when the complaint is liberally con- strued, that the plaintiff can prove no set of facts which would entitle him to relief.” Id.; Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 45-46, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 8(a) requires that a complaint contain “a short and

Rule WESTLAW of Civil Procedure 12(b)(2), Plaintiffs must make a prima facie showing that personal jurisdiction exists over each moving Defendant. PDK Labs, Inc. v. Friedlander, 103 F.3d 1105, 1108 (Qd Cir.1997). The Court reviews the complaints and affidavits in a light most favorable to Plaintiffs, id., but

cts and issues and to dispose of unmeritorious claims.” Swierkiewicz vy. Sorema, N.A., 534 U.S. 506, 512, 122 S.Ct. 992, 152 L.Ed.2d 1 (2002) (citing Conley v. Gibson, 355 U.S. 41, 47, 78 S.Ct. 99, 2 L.Ed.2d 80 (1957), Leatherman v. Tarrant County Narcotics Intelligence & Coordination Unit, 507 U.S. 163,