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ly later did I learn that Yudkowsky wasn’t the original dissident speaking this particular truth. In April 2000, there was a lengthy opinion piece in Wired titled, “Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us,” by Bill Joy, co-founder and chief scientist of Sun Microsystems. He warned: Accustomed to living with almo
fic even though no one seems to be in control. There are three laws of artificial intelligence. The first, known as Ashby’s Law, after cybernetician W. Ross Ashby, author of Design for a Brain, states that any effective control system must be as complex as the system it controls. The second law, articulated by
ters—Crays—which were half the power of your phone now, but they were the supercomputers of the time. Meanwhile, we were reading this magazine called Wired, which came out in 1993, and we realized that this tool we scientists use could have applications for everybody. The Internet wasn’t just about scien
rence to make a difference. In this way of looking at the world, a control system needed to be as complex as the system it controlled. Cyberneticist W. Ross Ashby proved that this was true in a precise mathematical sense, in what is now called Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety, or sometimes the First Law of Cybe
ly later did I learn that Yudkowsky wasn’t the original dissident speaking this particular truth. In April 2000, there was a lengthy opinion piece in Wired titled, “Why the Future Doesn’t Need Us,” by Bill Joy, co-founder and chief scientist of Sun Microsystems. He warned: Accustomed to living with almo
fic even though no one seems to be in control. There are three laws of artificial intelligence. The first, known as Ashby’s Law, after cybernetician W. Ross Ashby, author of Design for a Brain, states that any effective control system must be as complex as the system it controls. The second law, articulated by
ters—Crays—which were half the power of your phone now, but they were the supercomputers of the time. Meanwhile, we were reading this magazine called Wired, which came out in 1993, and we realized that this tool we scientists use could have applications for everybody. The Internet wasn’t just about scien
rence to make a difference. In this way of looking at the world, a control system needed to be as complex as the system it controlled. Cyberneticist W. Ross Ashby proved that this was true in a precise mathematical sense, in what is now called Ashby’s Law of Requisite Variety, or sometimes the First Law of Cybe
Entities connected to both Wired and W. Ross Ashby

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Oliver Stone
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Berkeley
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John Brockman
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