Epstein Secrets

Cooperate without looking: Why we care what people think and not just what they do Moshe Hoffman', Erez Yoeli', and Martin A. Nowak' I' •Peogram for Evolutionary Dynamics, Oeparunent of Mathematics and 'Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambri

ey do Moshe Hoffman', Erez Yoeli', and Martin A. Nowak' I' •Peogram for Evolutionary Dynamics, Oeparune

e of guilt (22-24). reputational benefits, or reciprocity (1-14)j. At the extreme, this question amounts to ask- ing if saintly individuals, such as Gandhi or Mother Teresa. were motivated thus or if they were authentic altruists who did good without anticipating any reward and would be altruistic. eve

e, 444(7120), 718-723; Sigmund, K., Hauert, C., & Nowak, M. (2001). Reward and punishment. Proceedings of

innocent while developing inside the caterpillar. Once the larvae hatch, they are treated to an unprecedented level of care from the caterpillar who, Gandhi-like, foregoes all eating and moving to protect its adopted young, including violent head-swings against any intruder. The wasp has effectively brain

e or her behavior imitated or reinforced, causing the behavior to spread. This intuition is formalized using mod- els of evolutionary dynamics (e.g., Nowak, 2006). The key result for evolutionary dynamic models is that, except under extreme conditions, behavior converges to Nash equilibria. This result

ous man would do evil if given a ring that makes him invisible; Trivers, 1971). At the extreme, this amounts to asking if saintly individuals such as Gandhi or Mother Teresa were motivated thus, or if they were “authentic” altruists who did good without anticipat- ing any reward and would be altruistic ev